
Copy a certificate chain into out with its last link removed.
September 30, 2021. The DST Root CA X3 certificate expires just after two in the afternoon and takes a slice of the web down with it. Let's Encrypt had been cross signing to that ancient root so old Android phones would keep trusting them, and software that insisted on walking a chain all the way to the top now walked straight into an expired certificate and refused perfectly valid sites. The fix on the server side was to stop sending the last link. Cut the chain short.
short_chain(out, "leaf>R3>DST")Expected result
leaf>R3For your own tracking. Tests grade your code.
short_chain(out, "leaf>R3")Expected result
leafshort_chain(out, "leaf")Expected result
(empty result)
Expected files
chain.cAllowed functions
None. Write every helper yourself.
